Module 9: Materials Handling, Storage and Forklifts

9.1 Manual handling

Back injuries are common and costly. Use mechanical aids first (trolleys, hoists, conveyors). When lifting by hand: plan the lift, keep the load close, bend the knees, keep the back straight, do not twist, and get help for heavy or awkward loads. The NIOSH lifting equation recommends a maximum of 23 kg (51 lb) under ideal conditions, and less for frequent, low, far or twisting lifts.

9.2 Storage

• Stack loads stable and limited in height; interlock or cross-tie bags and boxes.
• Do not exceed the rated capacity of racks; repair damaged uprights; anchor racks.
• Keep aisles and exits clear; keep at least 18 inches (46 cm) below sprinkler heads.

9.3 Forklifts (powered industrial trucks)

Forklift accidents include tip-overs, pedestrians struck, and falls from raised forks. OSHA 1910.178 requires:

• Training and evaluation of every operator, with re-evaluation at least every 3 years.
• A pre-shift inspection; remove defective trucks from service.
• Seat belt use; travel with forks low; look in the direction of travel; slow down at corners; never carry passengers or lift people on the forks without an approved platform.
• Do not exceed the load capacity on the data plate.

9.4 Cranes, hoists and slings

Inspect slings before each use; remove damaged slings (broken wires, kinks, cuts, missing tags). Never stand under a suspended load. Use a trained signal person and tag lines. Know the rated capacity, and remember sling angle reduces capacity.

Learning Check

Answer these two questions to check your understanding. You can try again as many times as you like.